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Accordingly, measures and efforts to tackle droughts should begin by studying the phenomenon’s dimensions. ĭrought and its consequences must be recognized and taken into account from the early stages of water resources planning and management efforts. įigure 1. Example of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique for monitoring/simulate drought. The next figure ( Figure 1) presents such a context. As far as Europe is concerned, the droughts in Greece in 1989–1993, in Spain in 2003, in France in 2005, and again in Greece in 2007–2008, confirm this trend, as well as the urgent need to implement common strategies to the problem across Europe and not just in the Mediterranean countries.

Drought issues can turn into a water crisis and will play a crucial role in the next years in defining both development and environmental policies on a world level. However, the accumulated experience of scientific research and observations in recent decades shows that droughts are inevitable, as these phenomena appear to be inescapable and permanent elements of the global climate.

ADVANCED MCE REMOTE MAPPER TOOL LOAD MC PROFESSIONAL

The current trend among broad technical and professional circles, administrators, politicians, and decision-makers and generally among common citizens is to regard drought as something transient, a random and remote risk that requires only an extraordinary mobilization. In this context, it is argued that droughts are one of many natural hazards that can affect domestic use and irrigation-in other words, the water supply of an area. Extreme changes or extreme events, such as earthquakes, floods, and droughts, often called natural hazards, can present insurmountable obstacles and difficulties in how human societies deal with them. With its stability and durability, nature can introduce extreme changes in the variables and factors of human systems. Geospatial technologies including Geographic Information Systems, Remote Sensing-Earth Observation as well as related spatial data analysis tools, models, databases, contribute nowadays significantly in predicting, preventing, researching, addressing, rehabilitating, and managing these phenomena and their effects. The impact of these phenomena is devastating to human life and to global economies, private holdings, infrastructure, etc., while in a wider context it has a very negative effect on the social, environmental, and economic status of the affected region. Thus, they present rapid increase in intensity, frequency of occurrence, spatial density, and significant spread of the areas of occurrence. Globally, natural catastrophic phenomena and hazards, such as drought, soil erosion, quantitative and qualitative degradation of groundwater, frost, flooding, sea level rise, etc., are intensified by anthropogenic factors. Human activities and climate change constitute the contemporary catalyst for natural processes and their impacts, i.e., geo-environmental hazards.

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